Textile washing knowledge
Washing procedure:
1. Pre-treatment stage -- rinse and pre-wash
2. Core decontamination stage -- main washing and bleaching
3. Finishing stage - water
4. Post-treatment stage -- softness, neutralization, whitening and sizing
5. Dehydration stage
Each stage fine solution: rinse.
(1) Water level and temperature. Generally, medium and high water levels are selected. Sheets, quilt covers, pillowcases, towels, etc. adhere to human sweat stains, the washing water temperature is close to the human body temperature, the temperature is 35-40C; Napkins, towels because dirty, juice, protein, temperature between 40-45C, higher than the former.
The time. The time is generally 1.5-3 minutes, the time should not be too long, too long easy to redeposit. If the dirt is heavy, it is best to add one more rinse, the longest time is not more than 5 minutes. Pre-wash. Prewash main washing service, generally add detergent, time should not be too long, low water level.
Master wash. Master wash has descaling effect.
The loading capacity is lower than the rated loading capacity, accounting for about 80%. Too much loading is easy to damage the machine, in addition, the fabric friction is not enough, affecting the washing effect.
The time should not be too long. Keep it to about five minutes.
⑶ The water level is low.
(4) The water temperature of pure cotton fabric washing is generally 80C; Polyester-cotton chemical fiber water temperature control below 50C; The silk fabric is below 40C.
⑸ The main lotion is emulsifier and alkali powder.
Bleach.
Bleaching agents include oxidizing bleach Ca(clo)2, Naclo, H2O2, NaBO2, and reducing bleach such as NaSo3. Naclo and H2O2 are commonly used. The effective oxygen content of Naclo bleach is about 10%. The process conditions were PH 9-11 (alkaline), temperature 60C and time 6-9 minutes. Note that the concentration of Naclo should not be too high, which is easy to damage the fabric. In addition, too long bleaching time will also damage the fabric. Naclo is commonly used in hotels. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) bleaching into high cost, not easy to make the fabric yellow, small damage to the fabric, strong stability, and soft performance is high, for colored linen can only use hydrogen peroxide bleaching. Chlorine bleaching makes the fabric rough, damaging the fabric and easy to yellow.
(2) The time is 6-9 minutes.
⑶ The water level is medium.
(4) The temperature is 60C.
⑸ Oxygen bleaching temperature is 90C, the use of oxygen bleaching should also be determined according to the degree of the fabric.
Through the water.
The water should be clear, it must reach 3-4 times, otherwise chlorine water remains in it, which will damage the fabric.
⑵ The water level is medium-high.
(3) The water temperature should be gradually reduced, and sudden cooling is easy to make the fabric adsorb dirt again.
Soft.
Adding softener makes the fabric loose and comfortable, but also has the effect of removing static electricity. Softener to apply to a variety of fabrics, generally using cationic softener, mainly tertiary amine salts, quaternary amine salts, alkyl imidazole derivatives, but cationic softener also has its shortcomings, the amount of ambassador fabric yellow, dye fading, and has an inhibitory effect on fluorescent brightening agent. With reasonable dosage, the fabric rarely yellowed or discolored the dye. If excessive and yellowing, as long as according to the fabric washing process can be re-treated, do not use bleaching or pickling treatment, this will make the fabric yellowing more easily. Neutralize. Alkaline ingredients make the fabric yellow or gray (calcium soap), make the fabric hard, the other place is easy to harm human skin, so it must be neutralized. Neutralization generally has the following roles: neutralization of residual alkali; Neutralize sodium bicarbonate that may be present in water; Remove rust stains; Calcium removing soap; Adjust PH value; Reduce the amount of water you go through. The neutralizer is usually glacial acetic acid and phosphoric acid. If the neutralizer is too much, it will harm the fabric, make the white fabric yellow, corrode the equipment and damage the skin.
Brightening.
Chlorine bleaching is used. The fabric is usually light yellow or slightly yellow, so it needs to be whitened.
There are two ways of brightening.
The first is to add blue and white. Direct fast dyes and base purple dyes for cellulose fabrics; Disperse blue dyes can be used in polyester - cotton blended fabrics.
The second is fluorescent brightening. Direct fluorescent brightening agent mainly brightens cotton, Vinylon and polyamide. Dispersive fluorescent brightening agent is mainly used in polyester fiber. Acid fluorescent brightening agent is mainly used in wool, nylon, acetate fiber, polyester fiber. Generally, the foundation whiteness is set as 1. Bleaching is 1.5 and fluorescent whitening is 2.5. If the base whiteness is poor, the effect of using whitening powder is worse. Starching. Sizing has a good-looking durable wash, protect the fiber effect. Towels are not usually starched, sheets and tablecloths are usually starched.
Dehydration.
Dehydration is generally 6-12 minutes, and the dehydration time is different with different fabric properties.
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